Gibbs J, Joshi NK, Wilson JK et al (2017) Does passive sampling accurately reflect the bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) communities pollinating apple and sour cherry orchards? Environ Entomol 46:579–588. Geslin B, Le Féon V, Folschweiller M et al (2016) The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale structures wild bee assemblages in a densely populated region. Garibaldi LA, Steffan-Dewenter I, Winfree R et al (2013) Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance. Garbuzov M, Alton K, Ratnieks FLW (2017) Most ornamental plants on sale in garden centres are unattractive to flower-visiting insects.
įründ J, Dormann CF, Holzschuh A, Tscharntke T (2013) Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional complementarity and niche shifts. Sage, Thousand Oaksįründ J, Linsenmair KE, Blüthgen N (2010) Pollinator diversity and specialization in relation to flower diversity. įox J, Weisberg S (2011) An R companion to applied regression, 2nd edn. įortel L, Henry M, Guilbaud L et al (2014) Decreasing abundance, increasing diversity and changing structure of the wild bee community (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) along an urbanization gradient. įisogni A, Hautekèete N, Piquot Y et al (2020) Urbanization drives an early spring for plants but not for pollinators.
įaleiro FV, Nemésio A, Loyola R (2018) Climate change likely to reduce orchid bee abundance even in climatic suitable sites. Įgerer M, Cecala J, Cohen H (2020) Wild bee conservation within urban gardens and nurseries: effects of local and landscape management.
#Habitat turnover definition series#
ĭornelas M, Gotelli NJ, McGill B et al (2014) Assemblage time series reveal biodiversity change but not systematic loss. ĭelaney JT, Jokela KJ, Debinski DM (2015) Seasonal succession of pollinator floral resources in four types of grasslands. ĭe Cáceres M, Legendre P (2009) Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ĭirtwill AR, Roslin T, Rasmussen C et al (2018) Between-year changes in community composition shape species’ roles in an Arctic plant–pollinator network. Ĭecala JM, Wilson Rankin EE (2021) Wild bee functional diversity and plant associations in native and conventional plant nurseries. ĬaraDonna PJ, Petry WK, Brennan RM et al (2017) Interaction rewiring and the rapid turnover of plant-pollinator networks. J Stat Softw 67:1–48īeduschi T, Kormann UG, Tscharntke T, Scherber C (2018) Spatial community turnover of pollinators is relaxed by semi-natural habitats, but not by mass-flowering crops in agricultural landscapes. īates D, Maechler M, Bolker BM, Walker SC (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Accessed Īyers AC, Rehan SM (2021) Supporting bees in cities: how bees are influenced by local and landscape features. Īscher JS, Pickering J (2020) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Our results have implications for the conservation of wild bees in ornamental plant landscapes, and highlight the utility of plant nurseries for investigating hypotheses related to diversity and turnover in plant–pollinator systems.Īhrné K, Bengtsson J, Elmqvist T (2009) Bumble bees ( Bombus spp) along a gradient of increasing urbanization. We also detected a moderate positive correlation between the magnitude of turnover in plant species and that of bee species (as number of taxa gained) across consecutive seasons. We found that local habitat factors, such as increased cultivation of native plants, were positively associated with bee diversity in sweep netting collections, whereas we detected moderate influences of landscape level factors such as proportion of surrounding natural area in passive trap collections. As expected, we documented strong seasonal trends in wild bee diversity and composition.
Nurseries cultivate a broad diversity of flowering plant species that differ widely across sites and seasons, providing an opportunity to test for correlations between turnover and diversity of plants and bees. To investigate how local and landscape characteristics correlate with bee diversity and turnover across seasons, we recorded wild bee and flowering ornamental plant assemblages at 13 plant nurseries in California between spring and autumn over 2 years. For pollinators such as wild bees, variables influencing temporal turnover, particularly across seasons within a year, remain poorly understood. Assessing turnover, or the magnitude of change in species composition across sites or through time, is crucial to said efforts, yet is often overlooked. In human-modified landscapes, understanding how habitat characteristics influence the diversity and composition of beneficial organisms is critical to conservation efforts and modeling ecosystem services.
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